<p>Ibid., p. 120. Further evidence that these changes of preference do not reflect identity confusion but rather identity disenchantment is provided by the existence of parallel changes with age of preferences in mildly disadvantaged racial groups. Kohlberg cites a study (Doris V. Springer, »Awareness of Racial Differences by Preschool Children in Hawaii« 1950) which shows that same-race preferences among Oriental children in Hawaii show a similar decline with age as same-sex preferences in girls.