National Archives, Justice Department, RG 60, file 193424, section 1; Bose, Indian Revolutionaries Abroad, p. 257; Mathur, Indian Revolutionary Movement, p. 126.
Isaac Deutscher, The Prophet Armed: Trotsky, 1879-1921 (New York, 1954), pp. 241-47; Ram Chandra, An Appeal of India to the President of the United States (San Francisco, 1917) quotes Trotsky; see also Chandra Chakra-varty, New India (Calcutta, 1950), pp. 34-38; New York Times, March 7, 9, 1917; Washington Post, March 11, 1917.
As early as 1915, the British had begun to forward informal complaints about the Ghadar Party to the U.S. State Department, but it was not until February of 1916 that the British ambassador, Cecil Spring-Rice, lodged a formal protest and an agent was dispatched to do undercover work in New York in the Indian community. By 1917, reports were being funneled to London and selected information was then forwarded to the British embassy in Washington. Bundles of papers on the activities of the »East" Indians were then sent regularly to the State Department.
Of the many studies of the Ghadar movement, four are noteworthy: A. C. Bose, Indian Revolutionaries Abroad (Patna, 1971); G. S. Deol, The Role of the Ghadar-Party in the National Movement (New Delhi, 1969); S. S. Josh, Hindustan Ghadar Party (New Delhi, 1977); and L. P. Mathur, Indian Revolutionary Movement in the United States of America (Delhi, 1970); and for early activities of the party in California see Emily Brown, Har Dyal: Hindu Revolutionary and Nationalist (Tucson, 1974).
For Rai's early impressions of America see United States of America: A Hindu's Impression (Calcutta, 1916). The best single work on Rai's life is still V. C. Joshi, ed., Lajpat Rai, Autobiographical Writings (New Delhi, 1965). In New York Rai wrote and published two books: England's Debt to India (New York, 1917) and The Political Future of India (New York, 1919).
The literature on the anticolonial movement in turn-of-the-century American politics is vast. For the Anti-Imperialist League in particular see E.
See Joan Jensen, Price of Vigilance (New York, 1968); and specifically about intelligence surveillance of Indians and Smedley, see her forthcoming Passage from India: Asian Indians in North America (New Haven, 1988).