Call, March 22, 1918.

Sanger, Autobiography, p. 351.

New York Times, June 12, 1918. The second indictment refined and expanded upon the same charges and became the focus of prosecution efforts; but both indictments remained on the books.

Margaret Sanger, An Autobiography (Boston, 1938), pp. 252-53; Call, April 5, 1918; Gilbert Roe papers, Box H7.

Interview with Elinor Brundin; New York Times, April 2, 1918; Call, April 5, 1918.

National Archives, Justice Department, RG 60, file 193424, and Military Intelligence, RG 165, file 10541722; New York Times, March 19, 1918.

Called Juan Diaz in Daughter of Earth. Convincing evidence that the man was Herambalal Gupta includes the following: (1) National Archives, Army Intelligence, RG 165, file 10541722/42, report dated September 26,1918, indicating that Gupta forfeited bail and left for Mexico in February, 1918. (2) Interview with Florence T. Lennon. (3) The alias Gupta used in the United States and Mexico was Juan Lopez. (4) Gupta resurfaced in Berlin in 1921 and gossiped about the incident (see Chapter 5). The best summary of his career is the numerous references in Bose, Indian Revolutionaries Abroad.

Ibid.

One of their first joint ventures was the publication of a small book or pamphlet written by Das in Japan, which had been confiscated by U.S. immigration authorities upon Das's arrival in San Francisco. The title of the book seemed innocent enough—Isolation of Japan in World Politics—but the contents, according to the U.S. Justice Department, were »disruptive and traitorous.« Certain chapters were strongly anti-British and pro-German. Japan was portrayed as a pivotal power in Asia, alienated from Britain and possibly willing to join the fight to dismantle the British empire in Asia.

Taraknath Das (1884—1958) was a dedicated nationalist who would become a close associate and longtime friend of Smedley. In his teens Das joined the nationalist movement in Bengal, which was the hotbed of nationalist ferment in India at the turn of the century. In 1905, at the age of twenty-one, Das was forced to flee the country disguised as a Sadhu monk. He stopped first in Japan, where he stayed a year before moving to the United States.