Guangming ribao, June 4, 1980; interview with Ding Ling; Xibei tequ texie (Shanghai, 1938), pp. 44—52. For one of the many recent portraits of Ding Ling in English, see Spence, Gate of Heavenly Peace, and, in translation, her own appreciation of Smedley, »Memories of American Journalist Agnes Smedley,« China Reconstructs 34, no. 4 (April 1985): 41-43.

During World War II, He Long and Peng Dehuai were among the half-dozen key field commanders of the Eighth Route Army operating in northern China. Between 1946 and 1949 they played a pivotal role in the undoing of Chiang Kai-shek on the battlefield. During the 1950s Peng became defense minister and probably the most important military figure in China. He oversaw Chinese operations in Korea and directed the push toward modernization of the People's Liberation Army along Russian lines. Then dramatically, in 1959, Peng fell from power after an open clash at Lushan with Mao over policy.

R. H. Tawney, Land and Labour in China (London, 1936), p. 76; China Notes to Pages 183-187 International Famine Relief Commission, Annual Reports, 1928-33; in Chinese see Shaanxi sheng nongcun diaocha (Nanjing, 1934), a survey by the Nationalist government.

Smedley, China Fights Back: An American Woman with the Eighth Route Army (New York, 1938), pp. 15, 19-20.

Edgar Snow, Red Star over China (New York, 1938; repr. 1968), p. 56.

Ibid., p. 176.

Ibid., pp. 156-57.

Bertram, First Act in China, pp. 1-85.

John Henle (Vanguard Press) to Florence Rose (Sanger's secretary), October 25 and November 3, 1937 (Sanger papers). See also Smedley to Gould, May 19, 1937, and Sanger to Smedley, October 29,1937, as well as San Diego Sun, May 22, 1937, based on United Press dispatch of May 19.

Bertram, First Act in China, p. 157; Wang, Ich kampfte fur Mao, pp. 87-92; Smedley to Gould, May 19, 1937 (Gould papers); British missionaries claimed that she had led peasant uprisings in India in the 1920s: New York Post, January 7, 1937.