See Smedley's »China and the Indian Press; »The Chinese Peasant Movement in 1926; »Factory Life in China; and »The Chinese Woman Today: An Interview with Madame Sun Yat-sen,« as cited in Bibliography. As for the British reaction, Smedley pointed to the sudden flood of articles in Europe and India by Bertram Simpson, the British propaganda director for the notorious Chinese warlord Zhang Zuolin, an anti-Communist who recruited White Russian generals after their failed effort to capture Siberia: »Who Is Putnam Weak?« People, August 18, 1927, pp. 136-37.

One reason for Smedley's strong friendship with Kathe Kollwitz, who was a Socialist and not a Communist, was that although Kollwitz was committed to class struggle and revolution, her work was a painfully honest portrayal of both the strengths and the weaknesses of the working class. See Smedley's portrait in »Kathe Kollwitz: Germany's Artist of the Masses,« Industrial Pioneers 2 (September 1925): 4-9.

This was the year Britain's conservative government broke relations with Russia after the police raid on the Soviet trade delegation (ARCOS) in London turned up evidence of spying.

Smedley to Lennon, June 29, 1927.

G. Adhikari, »India and League against Imperialism,« Mainstream (Delhi), annual for 1976, pp. 37-38, 151-54; Bakar Ali Mirza, »Congress against Imperialism,« Modern Review 41, no. 5 (May 1927): 554-64; S. Gopal, ed., Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru (New Delhi, 1973), vols. 2-4 has numerous letters on the League.

Oral history interview in Roger Baldwin papers; see also Lamson, Roger Baldwin, pp. 144-45.

Interviews: A. C. N. Nambiar; Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya.

Interview with Florence T. Lennon.

Interviews: A. C. N. Nambiar; Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya.

Tilla Durieux, Eine Tiir steht offen Errinerungen (Berlin, 1965), pp. 246— 47. How much Smedley knew about Cassirer's suicide is not clear. In Battle Hymn of China (New York, 1943), pp. 19-20, she described Durieux as »strange.« In 1931 Durieux fled to Yugoslavia, and during the war she worked for Tito's underground resistance. In 1951, at the age of seventy-one, Durieux returned to West Berlin and renewed her career on stage. At eighty-five, she played the starring role of Madame Karma in Andre Roussin's The Clairvoyant.