Chen Hansheng, Shanghai shaokuang neibao shengzhi di diaocha (Shanghai, 1929); Smedley to Sanger, October 12, November 21, 1929.

Rewi Alley, You Banfa (Beijing, 1952), pp. 15 — 16, and, more recently, his Six Americans in China (Beijing, 1985), pp. 119-66.

Interviews: Chen Hansheng; Gertrude Binder. Also Battle Hymn, pp. 64ff. On Chen Hansheng's career the best work to date is Xie Baoding and Xing Ruojun, »Chen Hansheng tongzhi zouguo di daolu,« in Shanghai wenshi ziliao xuanji, vol. 43 (Shanghai, 1983), pp. 133-46.

See also her »Chinese Poets and Professors,« New York Herald Tribune, May 18, 1930, as well as other articles cited in the Bibliography.

On Xu, see Jonathan Spence, Gate of Heavenly Peace: The Chinese and Their Revolution, 1895-1980 (New York, 1981), pp. 188-278. About two years earlier Xu had an affair with Pearl Buck. On his affair with Smedley, see her letters to Sanger, August 10, October 12, 1929.

Battle Hymn, pp. 50-57; Smedley to Sanger, August 10, October 12, 1929.

Smedley's earlier observations about Browder are given in Chapter 5, above.

E. H. Carr, Twilight of the Comintern, 1930-35 (New York, 1982), pp. 356, 358, 360.

The Shanghai police (British) focused on Smedley's German connections: see F.B.I. 100-68282-1B32 (Exhibits). German sources include Hede Massing, This Deception (New York, 1951), pp. 95-97 and Ruth (Kuczynski) Werner, Sonjas Rapport (Berlin, 1977), pp. 42-113.

Smedley to Nehru, September 9, 1930, Motilal Nehru papers, series no. 819. On the Missouri group of journalists in Shanghai see Stephen MacKinnon and Oris Friesen, China Reporting: An Oral History of American Journalism in the 1930s and 1940s (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1987), chapter 3; interview with Randall Gould; Battle Hymn, p. 96; Smedley to Sanger, June 13, 1929.